Recent Technology for Recycling of Used Diapers Waste

Authors

  • Mia Juliana Siregar * Udayana University, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.59615/ijie.2.2.13

DOR:

https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.27831906.2022.2.2.2.3

Keywords:

Incineration, Degradation, Landfill, Composting, Recycling, Absorbent Polymer

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to provide information related to waste technology processing. The study was conducted using a literature review technique. This review provides an in-depth discussion of the impact and the recent breakthrough in improving problems arising from the generation and disposal of soiled diapers. Various technologies were highlighted, especially the safer use and cleaner technology, such as biodegradation and composting to maximizing recycle process at a cheaper cost. Moreover, pyrolysis shows an opportunity to improve the efficiency of the recycling process used diapers. Finally, recycling is achievable with an economic incentive if the costs of a series of complicated processes are lower than the value of the end product. Therefore, the best technology for recycling becomes a big consideration. The consideration of which process to use may vary from national and industrial outlook in terms of rate of return, total cost, and environmental. The challenge of recycling is to reduce the cost of waste treatment while providing high-quality final products and need to focus on developing practical and environmentally friendly recovery methods.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

• Asisten Deputy for Telematics and Utilites. (2013). Executive Summary. Sanitary Landfill Policy Study in Indonesia in 2013. Department of Infrastructure Coordination and Regional Development.

• BAHP. (2017). Innovative Materials & Design. (Center for Baby and Adult Hygene Products) Retrieved June 2022, from https://www.diaperanswers.org/how-diapers-are-made/innovative-materials-design/

• Castrillon, N., Echeverria, M., Fu, H., Roy, A., & Toombs, J. (2019). Super Absorbent Polymer Replacement for Disposable Baby Diapers. Commodity Polymer Project. Berkeley: University of California.

• Colo`n, J., M.M., M., Ventosa, I., & Sa`nchez, A. (2013). Performance of Compostable Baby Used Diapers in the Composting Process with the Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste. J. of Waste Management, 33(5), 1097-1103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2013.01.018

• Colo`n, J., Ruggieri, L., Sa`nchez, A., Gonza`lez, A., & Puig, I. (2010). Possibilities of Composting Disposable Diapers with Municipal Solid Wastes. J. Waste Management &Research, 29(3), 249-259. doi: 10.1177/0734242X10364684.

• Cordella, M., Bauer, I., Lehmann, A., Schulz, M., & Wolf, O. (2015). Evolution of Disposable Baby Diapers in Europe: Life Cycle Assessment of Environmental Impacts and Identification of Key Areas of Improvement. J. of Cleaner Production, 95, 322-331. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.02.040.

• Counts, J., Weisbrod, A., & Yin, S. (2017). Common Diaper Ingredient Questions: Modern Disposable Diaper Materials Are Safe and Extensively Tested. J. Clinical Pediatrics, 56(5S), 23-27. doi:10.1177/0009922817706998.

• Das, B., & Kuity, D. (2021). Recycling and Processing of Waste: Needs of the Time. India: SSRN Electronic Journal.

• Davidson, L. (2022, May 19). Diaper Facts and Statistic in 2022. (Realdiapers). Retrieved June 2022, from https://realdiapers.org/diaper-facts/

• doi: 10.4236/jep.2019.105037.

• Dursun, S., & Maaroof, M. (2016). Inceneration Methods for Solid Waste from Waste Water Treatment Plants. 3rd International Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment (3rd ICSAE). Warsaw, Poland. ISBN: 978-605-9831-95-6.

• EDANA. (2005). Sustainability Report: Baby Diapers and Incontinence Products. Belgium: EDANA. The Absorbent Hygiene Products Manufacturers Committee of EDANA.

• ENVIS. (2016, June 10). Pathogens in Human Excreta. (ENVIS Centre on Hygiene, Sanitation, Sewage Treatment Systems and Technology). Retrieved June 2022, from http://www.sulabhenvis.nic.in/Database/sanitation_humanexcreta_2131.aspx

• Esmaeili, A., Pourbabaee, A., Alikhani, H., Shabani, F., & Esmaeili, E. (2013). Biodegradation of Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE) by Mixed Culture of Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus and Aspergillus niger in Soil. Plos One, 8(9), 1-10. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0071720.

• Gajendiran, A., Krishnamoorthy, S., & Abraham, J. (2016). Microbial Degradation of Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE) by Aspergillus clavatus Strain JASK1 Isolated from Landfill Soil. J. Biotechnology,6 (52), 1-6. doi: 10.1007/s13205-016-0394-x.

• Ghahremani-Nahr, J., Aliahmadi, A., & Nozari, H. (2022). An IoT-based sustainable supply chain framework and blockchain. International Journal of Innovation in Engineering, 2(1), 12-21.

• Grover, A., Gupta, A., Chandra, S., & Kumari, A. K. (2015). Polythene and Environment. International Journal of Environment Sciences, 5(6), 1091-1105. doi: 10.6088/ijes.2014050100103.

• Helmes, C., O'Connor, R., Sawyer, L., & Young, S. (2014). Disposable Diaper Absorbency: Improvements via Advanced Designs. J. Clinical Pediatrics, 53(9S), 14-15.doi:101177/000992814540377.

• Hirsh, S. (2019, August 29). Are Diapers Biodegradable? Here are the Most Sustainable Diaper Options. (Greematters) Retrieved July 03, 2022, from https://www.greenmatters.com/p/are-diapers-biodegradable-compostable

• Ichiura, H., Nakaoka, H., & T., K. (2020). Recycling Disposable Diaper Waste Pulp After Dehydrating the Superabsorbent Polymer through Oxidation Using Ozone. J. Clenaer Production, 276 , 1-7 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123350.

• Ignatyev, I., Thielemans, W., & Beke, B. (2014). Recycling of Polymers: A Review. Chemistry Sustainability Energy Materials, 0000, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.201300898.

• Jadaun, J., Bansal, S., Sonthalia, A., Rai, A., & Singh, S. (2022). Biodegradation of Plastics for Sustainable Environment. Bioresource Technology, 347, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2022.126697.

• K., I. (2015). Design Solid Waste Treatment Technology with Landfill System. Bali: Universitas Warmadewa.

• Khoo, S., Phang, X., Ng, C., Lim, K., Lam, S., & Ma, N. (2019). Recent Technologies for Treatment and Recycling of Used Disposable Baby Diapers. J. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 123, 116-129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2018.12.016.

• Knowaste. (2017). The Knowaste Recycling Process. (Knowaste) Retrieved July 2022, from https://www.knowaste.com/the-knowaste-recycling-process.html

• Krafchik, B. (2016). Review: History of Diapers and Diapering. International Journal of Dermatology, 55(1), 4-6.

• Krepsztul, J., & Rydzkowski, T. (2019). Pyrolysis and Inceneration in Polymer Waste Management System. J. of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, 3 (43)(4), 337-342. doi: 10.30464/jmee.2019.3.4.337.

• Kyaw, B. M., Champakalakshmi, R., Sakharkar, M., Lim, C., & Sakharkar, K. (2012). Biodegradation of Low Density Polythene (LDPE) by Pseudomonas Species. Indian Journal of Microbiology, 52 (3) , 411-419 doi: 10.1007/s12088-012-0250-6.

• LiveDo. (2020, November 5). News Release. Aiming to Spread Used Disposable Diaper Recycling Systems . Retrieved 07 2022, from https://www.livedo.jp/assets/editor/files/Aiming%20to%20Spread%20Used%20Disposable%20Diaper%20Recycling%20Systems%20Developed%20New%20Recycling%20Technology%20for%20Superabsorbent%20Polymers%20-%281%29.pdf

• Meseldzija, J., D., P., & R., F. (2013). Assessment of the Differing Environmental Impacts between Reusable and Disposable Diapers. Ontario: Duffering Research Inc.

• Mirza, S., Sasmal, B., Goswami, M., & Patel, P. (2021). Biodegradation of Plastic Using Bacteria - A Review. J. of Science and Technological Researches, 3 (4) , 24-32. https://doi.org/10.51514/JSTR.3.4.2021.24-31.

• Morganti, P., & Febo, P. (2017). Problem & Solution for Biodegrading Baby Diapers. Spain: PolyBioSkin Project.

• Muhonja, C., Mokende, H., Magoma, G., & Imbuga, M. (2018). Biodegradability of Polyethylene by Bacteria and Fungi from Dandora Dumpsite Nairobi-Kenya. 13(7) , 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0198446.

• Nidoni, P. (2017). Inceneration Process for Solud Waste Management and Effective Utilization of by Product. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology, 4(2), 378-382.

• Nowak, B., Pajak, J., Bratkowicz, M., & Rymarz, G. (2011). Microorganisms Participating in the Biodegradation of Modified Polyethylene Films in Different Soils Under Laboratory Conditions. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 65, , 757-767. doi:10.1016/j.ibiod.2011.04.007.

• Ntekpe, M., Mbong, E., Edem, E., & Hussain, S. (2020). Diapers: Impact of Disposal Methods on Public Health and the Environment. J. Medicine and Public Health, 1(2), 1-8.

• Ogunbayo, A., Olanipekun, O., & Adamu, I. (2019). Preliminary Studies on the Microbial Degradation of Plastic Waste Using Aspergillus niger and Pseudomonas sp. J. of Environmental Protection, 10, 625-631.

• Patil, A., Kulkarni, A., & Patil, B. (2014). Waste to Energy by Inceneration. J. Computing Technologies, 3(6), 2278-3814.

• Prasetyo, F., Triastianti, R., & Ayuningtyas, E. (2021). Utilization of Baby Diapers Waste as Planting Media. J. Rekayasa Lingkungan, 21(1), 41-49.

• R, C. (2007). Evaluation of Waste Specific Environmental Impacts from Incineration. Denmark: Institute of Environmental & Resources. Technical University of Denmark.

• Raaman, N., Rajitha, N., Jayshree, A., & Jegadeesh, R. (2012). Biodegradation of Plastic by Aspergillus spp. Isolated from Polythene Polluted Sites Around Chennai. J. of Academia and Industrial Research, 1 (6), 313-317. ISSN: 2278-5213.

• Ramdani, N., Mustam, M., Harun, A., Azis, H., & Setiawan, M. (2021). The Role of Super Absorbent Polymers in Baby Diapers in Controlling Soil Moisture. J. Pendidikan, Matematika dan Sains, 6(1), 91-100.

• Remigios, M. (2014). The Environmental Health Implications of the Use and Disposal of Disposable Child Diapers in Senga, Nehosho Suburb in Gweru City, Zimbabwe. Global Journal of Biology, Agriculture & Health Sciences, 3(2), 122-127.

• Riber, C. (2007). Evaluation of Waste Specific Environmental Impacts from Incineration. Denmark: Institute of Environment & Resources. Techincal University of Denmark.

• Satyanarayan, D., & Chandra, K. R. (2014). Municipal Solid Waste Management by Sanitary Landfill. International Journal of Engineering Sciences and Research Technology, 3(6), 811-818. ISSN: 2277-9655.

• Sembiring, L. J. (2021, November 15). Babies Born in 2021, How Big are the Chances of Their Lives? (CNBC Indonesia) Retrieved June 26, 2022, from https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/news/20211115122446-4-291562/bayi-kelahiran-2021-seberapa-besar-peluang-hidupnya

• Seneviratne, G., Tennakoon, N., Weerasekara, M., & Nandasena, K. (2006). Polyethylene Biodegradation by a Developed Penicillium–Bacillus Biofilm. Vol 90. No.1: Current Science.

• Sugiarto, L. (2018). Structure, Behavior, and Performance Analysis of the Disposable Baby Diaper Industry in Indonesia. J. Manajemen Bisnis dan Kewirausahaan, 02(1), 112-121.

• Tkac, S., Tsai, M., Hwang, S., & Wu, B. (2018). Sustainable Used Diaper Recycler. Taiwan: Chung Hua University. Department of Industrial Product Design.

• Valdemar, E., Nvarro, P., Pina, X., Rivera, M., Villavicencio, M., Benitez, S., & Morillas, A. (2014). Biological Recycling of Used Baby Diapers in a Small-Scale Composting System. Resources, Conversation, and Recycling, 87, 153-157 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2014.03.015.

• Vimala, P., & Mathew, L. (2016). Biodegradation of Polyethylene Using Bacillus Subtilis. J. Procedia Technology, 24, 232-239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.protcy.2016.05.031.

• Withgott, J., & Manning, K. (2006). 22 Waste Management Part A PowerPoint. (Pearson Inc.) Retrieved June 2022, from http://slideplayer.com/slide/3810493

• www.texus.com. (2016). Baby Care. (Texus Spa). Retrieved June 2022, from https://www.texsus.com/baby-care/

• Zhang, J., Gao, D., Li, Q., Zhao, Y., Li, L., Lin, H., . . . Zhao, Y. (2020). Biodegradation of Polyethylene Microplastic Particles by the Fungus Aspergillus flavus from the Guts of Wax Moth Galleria mellonella. Science of the Total Environment, 704, 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135931.

Downloads

Published

2022-04-25

How to Cite

Siregar, M. J. (2022). Recent Technology for Recycling of Used Diapers Waste. International Journal of Innovation in Engineering, 2(2), 13–25. https://doi.org/10.59615/ijie.2.2.13

Issue

Section

Original Research