Development of Technology Identification model focusing on Technology Intelligence and Components and Indicators extracted from Upstream Documents of the Islamic Republic of Iran

The intelligence of science, technology, and innovation in today's world can be very influential. So, making a wrong decision can have irreparable consequences and may even hurt an economy or a country for several years. Considering that the upstream documents are the guidelines for determining the macro-policies of science and technology, it is necessary to analyze these documents to identify the components of National Powerness from the perspective of these documents. In this study, we sought to investigate the upstream documents and statements of the Supreme Leader to enumerate the dimensions and components of National Powerness. The method used was based on documentary study and to analyze the findings, the Content Analysis method was used. In the policy section, upstream documents such as the constitution, the vision of the I.R. Iran on the horizon of 1404, the declaration of the second step of the Islamic Revolution of Iran and other documents were examined. In the speeches section, statements of the Supreme Leader among scientific experts, university professors, industry, and technology activists, etc. were reviewed and analyzed. The themes extracted from these documents were classified into six dimensions: political, defense-security, environmental, economic, scientific, technological, and cultural discourse. Below these dimensions, 75 components were extracted. Depending on the extracted components, technology can be identified or ranked.


Introduction
In an environment of instability and uncertainty, the only approach and policy that is likely to succeed is trying to understand the future and its components (Nozari et al., 2021). Although this effort has always been associated with significant risk, in any case, knowing the future is far wiser than watching the future developments. In the present age, when the rapid movement of science and technology imposes its existence on the environment more than before, and the convergence and synergy of science has doubled this astonishing process. This research seeks to answer the main question: what are the components and indicators of identifying power-creating technology based on upstream documents and statements of the Supreme Leader, and in what model can technology be identified based on these components. Today, due to the speed of change and developments, especially in the field of science and technology, as well as the nature of its development, many countries and organizations are trying to be aware of the latest changes in science and technology in various ways. In the meantime, some technologies are so important that they may have security implications and sometimes threaten a country's national interests. Due to the nature of their activities, the defense sectors of countries are strongly dependent on the development of science and technology. Governments, and even those at the forefront of technology, are constantly in need of monitoring, analyzing, and estimating their capabilities and those of their enemies. Of course, this process has a soft nature that requires experts with diverse and unique qualifications. Hence, the leading countries that have realized the importance of this soft capability, have established centers for intelligent monitoring of science and technology and training of expert analysts in this field.
One of the steps of technology intelligence is technology identification. Without having specific indicators to identify the technology, we cannot do the next steps of the intelligent process correctly. Therefore, in this study, by analyzing the content of the remarks of the Supreme Leader and the upstream documents of the Islamic Republic of Iran, we extract the classification of power-building indicators to identify technology as the first step of the intelligent process. To determine the role of each institution in this process, we will provide a Role Mapping of the responsible institutions.

Technology Management
Technology management is an interdisciplinary field that, despite its short life, has become very rich. The definition that is widely used for this concept describes technology management as "a process that includes planning, directing, controlling, and coordinating the development and implementation of technological capabilities to shape and achieve organization's strategic and operational goals." This definition is in part a combination of both the hard aspects of technology (scientific and engineering) and its soft dimensions, such as processes that ensure the effective use of technology (Cetindamar, Phaal, & Probert, 2010).
Given that technological change constantly creates new challenges and opportunities for new product development, these opportunities must be valued through effective and dynamic technology management. However, there is a need for a new approach to understanding technology management that incorporates its dynamic nature and managerial features. A suitable model for understanding technology management is dynamic capability theory. In its most detailed form, dynamic capabilities represent the ability to reconfigure, redirect, and shape appropriately; in other words, to align existing core capabilities with external resources and strategic assets that aim to overcome the challenges of a competitive and rapidly changing world (Teece, Pisano, & Shuen, 1997).
Technology management can be described as the development and exploitation of ever-changing technological capacities. There are many definitions in the literature of technological capabilities. Some see it as the ability to find and use technology to maintain a competitive advantage and stay competitive (Rush, Bessant, & Hobday, 2007), While others define it as the implementation of all technical activities that lead to the operation, improvement, and modernization of a company's production facilities. Another study defines technology management as the ability to make effective use of technical knowledge and skills, not only to improve and develop products and processes but also to improve existing technologies and generate new knowledge and skills in response to the current competitive environment (Sanjaya, 1990).
Issues that fall into technology management field can be identified through their relationship with one of the following five categories. (Khalil, 2014):  Effective resource management methods and tools  Business environment and the ability to manage the relationship between the organization and the external environment  Structure and management of organizations  Management of research and development projects  Human resource management under conditions of rapid social and technological change One of the most well-known models of the technology management process belongs to Maureen. In this model, the following four activities are proposed as the main steps in technology management: 1-Identification of technologies: In this section, technologies related to the organization's activities are identified, or technological needs are identified. 2-Technology evaluation: In this step, known technologies are evaluated. Predicting technologies and identifying their lifespan is also done in this step. 3-Technology improvement and development: In this step, the selected technology is acquired, and its development and improvement are made within the organization. 4-Optimal use: In this step, the improved use of technology or, compatible with the organization is done.
Another framework in technology management has been proposed by Gregory, which includes the following processes or activities: Identification, Selection, Acquisition, Exploitation, and Protection. Attention to technology management as a general process is a systematic and comprehensive method, which provides the possibility of evaluating the performance of technology management activities in the organization (Ghahremani Nahr & Zahedi, 2021).

Technology Intelligence
Technology Intelligence has been chosen as the technology policy of developing countries in recent years. This process is known as one of the essential factors of industrialization and economic growth and development of these countries. Technology intelligence in proportion to the economic, commercial, political, and cultural infrastructure of the recipient is considered as one of the determinants of success or failure of the transfer phenomenon. The field of science and technology is a broad and deep area that due to the dynamics and characteristics of increasing information aggregation; its richness is increased. Therefore, there has been intense and complex competition to obtain information on various commercial, defense and security technologies, and technological changes and developments have been highly regarded by researchers and policymakers in various fields of industry, defense, and security.
There are several definitions of technology intelligence by researchers. The following are some important and comprehensive definitions of technology intelligence: Technology intelligence is the activities that, by collecting, analyzing, and disseminating relevant and relevant information, provide the necessary and timely insight into the current technological trends and realities (threats and opportunities) of an organization's external environment. Thereby, supports decision-making and planning processes in technological matters as well as the management of the entire organization (Savioz, 2004).
Technological intelligence is the acquisition and transfer of technological information as part of the process through which an organization gains awareness of technological threats and opportunities (Kerr, Morata, Phaal, & Probert, 2006).
Nottingham University Definition: A set of activities that enable the user body to monitor technological advances related to their products, materials, processes, and markets, and to evaluate the environment to take advantage of technological change (Arman, 2010).

Technology Monitoring
Monitoring technological developments that are considered by policymakers in the context of emerging scientific and technical phenomena and in the context of technology monitoring is known as "technology monitoring". This is a systematic approach to collecting scientific and technical information that aims to gain and provide knowledge and understanding of technologies and increase awareness of threats and opportunities arising from them. Given the dispersion of concepts and the diversity of keywords, providing a clear and definitive definition of technology monitoring is not an easy task. But what is clear is that in an environment of increasing complexity in science, technology, and innovation, accurate identification and use of external knowledge resources are becoming increasingly important, and surveillance can play an important role in identifying these valuable resources and facilitating their access (Zahedi & Nahr, 2020).
Science and technology monitoring can be defined as a set of activities in the form of a process including collecting, analyzing, estimating, and exploiting science and technology information from the external environment to ensure the continuous growth of the organization and link it to the collection of information related to decision making.
Science and technology monitoring can also be defined as a way that, with the help of techniques and methods such as news analysis, publications, or patents, reduces the time interval between the advancement of science and technology and their identification.
Among the systematic approaches to respond to the need to acquire the necessary and timely knowledge and insight into the current trends and realities in the field of science, technology and innovation, as well as observing the environment to gain opportunities and make accurate and timely decisions in this field, intelligence (awareness) And technology is newer, more comprehensive, and, in other words, complementary and even inclusive of previous related topics and in this sense, it also includes the subject of monitoring (Rohrbeck, 2010).

The relationship between technology intelligence and technology management functions
Technology management includes planning, directing, controlling, and coordinating for the development and application of technological capabilities to form and achieve the strategic and operational goals of companies (National Research Council, 1987). The general model of technology management is based on six general activities (Gregory, 1995), (Rush, Bessant, & Hobday, 2007), (Cetindamar, Phaal, & Probert, 2009) and (Cetindamar, Phaal, & Probert, 2010).
1. Intelligent identification: Technology identification is required at all stages of product development and market life cycle. This process includes market changes as well as technological developments. Identification includes searching, auditing, data collection, and processes for obtaining information from technologies and markets. One of the most important functions of this activity can be predicting the developments of existing technologies, predicting the emergence of new technologies and innovations, identifying existing technologies and technology assets in the organization, identifying the technologies needed by the organization in the current and future. Various tools for identifying technology have been expressed in the literature, such as monitoring, trend analysis, life cycle analysis, Delphi, technology foresight, and patent analysis.
2. Selection: is related to the technological issues of the company and therefore requires full knowledge of the goals and strategic priorities of the company in different businesses. One of the functions of this activity at the national level is as a tool to select effective technologies at the national level (nanotechnology, nuclear, etc.). Also among the proposed tools are cost/benefit analysis and AHP.
3. Acquisition: Acquisition means how the company acquires valuable technologies for the business. Technology can be provided through internal development, cooperation, or purchase from foreign developers. Functions such as transferring and absorbing technology from an external source and endogenous technology development for technology acquisition are envisaged. Tools such as technology law and Technology Transfer contracts, training tools and techniques and Innovation Management are used for this purpose.
4. Exploitation: Although the exploitation of technology brings commercialization with it, to achieve the expected benefits, it is necessary to implement, absorb and operationalize the technology in the company. Technologies are transferred from the R&D unit to the manufacturing unit or from outside the company or company partners to the company. Implementation processes include gradual development, process improvements, and marketing.
5. Protection: Formal processes, such as patenting process and preserving the knowledge of human resources, are intended to support the company's intellectual property, such as the knowledge and expertise embedded in the manufacturing system. Items such as protection and care of technological assets (maintenance, repair, and calibration, etc.) and physical and non-physical protection of capabilities and technological knowledge are considered in this section.
6. Learning: Learning is a vital part of technological capability that includes feedback on the company's processes and technology projects within or outside the company. There is a close relationship between this process and the field of knowledge management.
The first step in technology management, known as intelligent identification, is to use technology intelligence tools to identify the target technology better. With this tool, you first use all your monitoring power to receive technological alerts. After receiving the signals, an initial refinement of the detected technologies is required. Lack of initial refinement will show its effects in the next steps of intelligence and technology management and in the first step, will increase the administrative costs of intelligence and technology management. So having an effective identification model is very important.

Technology Identification
As stated in the introduction of technology management and technology intelligence process, phase zero of intelligence is technology identification. Technology identification involves forecasting that helps predict the future by auditing and collecting internal and external data about technologies, technological capabilities, and markets. In technology identification, the focus is not only on developing new technologies, but we also try to identify existing technologies in the environment and, if appropriate, use them to achieve the goals and missions of the organization. An efficient identification process will have a significant impact on large-scale decision-making, such as strategic decisions (Teece, Pisano, & Shuen, 1997).
Identification includes activities such as searching, auditing, and collecting data. In identifying technology, we must consider that identification is the beginning of the technology intelligence process, so our goal is not only to identify a good and high-quality technology, but also to identify technology by considering all the steps of technology intelligence implementation. As noted, technology identification is not necessarily simple database access, but a combination of search based on database and methods such as Delphi or interviewing experts. The connection between technology identification and technology intelligence is that technology intelligence is a term that, in addition to describing technology forecasting activity, refers to the collection of all kinds of information about achieving and providing capabilities related to identifying future opportunities and threats to the organization. Having a strong and efficient identification system protects the organization against an environment full of uncertainty. When we have a comprehensive view of the outside environment, we can take our steps more firmly.

Studied Documents
The list of documents that we studied in this study to extract the components of powerness is as follows:

Methodology
In this chapter of the research, we present the research framework, research approach, research method, data collection method, data analysis method and research structure.

Research paradigm
Whereas science itself is seen as a product of thought and is linked to its deeper philosophical layers; This is where the extra-scientific aristocracy, not the in-scientific aristocracy, bestows on the researcher. The paradigms in this field of literature include three paradigms of positivism, interpretive and critical. In this research, the interpretive paradigm has been used, in the sections of developing the conceptual model of technology identification, content analysis of upstream documents and role mapping of responsible institutions, the principles accepted in this paradigm have been used. In the interpretive paradigm, the relationship between variables cannot be expressed by numbers and needs to be described, explained, and interpreted. The interpretive paradigm also includes exploratory methods and seeks the meaning that has occurred with more detail. Standard terms used in the interpretive paradigm are questionnaire, professional interview, participants, respondents, introspection, interaction, and content analysis. Regarding interpretive methodology, we can decline that it is a kind of qualitative methodology and the methods of data collection in it are: (1) participatory observation, (2) in-depth interviews, (3) case studies, (4) focus groups and (5) Specialized interviews with experts.

Research approach
The approach used in this research is qualitative. Qualitative research is a systematic method for describing components of conditions and properties of phenomena that cannot be quantified. In other words, qualitative research is the collection, analysis, and interpretation of rich and narrative data to have a deep understanding of concepts and phenomena that are very complex due to the presence of human factors. Qualitative research is the process of research that extracts data from the context in which events occur and attempts to describe these events through the process in which the embedding and participants' perspectives are represented. In other words, qualitative research requires the systematic collection, organization, and interpretation of material that is the result of interviews and observations and is used to examine the implications of psychological and social phenomena as experienced by humans in their natural state.

Research Method
According to the descriptive paradigm that governs this research, the research method is descriptiveanalytical. Library resources have also been used in this research.

Methods and Data Collection tools
The method of data collection is the use of library resources or institutions' websites in charge of compiling upstream documents, and the main text of these documents has been collected. All documents that are somehow related to the field of technology and especially technology identification, have been collected in this study. Then a conceptual model is developed based on the obtained analysis. The data collection tool is documents, and the content analysis method has been used to identify the desired components. In general, the data required for this research have been extracted from library sources and documentary study. Therefore, to develop a framework for content analysis of the mentioned documents, referring to the theoretical foundations of this research and using the experiences, a new conceptual model was created.

Analysis Method
The method used in this section is based on the study and analysis of documents and to analyze the findings, the content analysis method will be used. In the policy section, documents such as the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran, the vision of the Islamic Republic of Iran on the horizon of 1404, the basic model of progress, the statement of the second step of the Islamic Revolution, general policies of science and technology, comprehensive scientific map of the country, etc. will be examined. In the speeches section, the speeches of the Supreme Leader in the gathering of scientific experts, university professors, industry, and technology activists, etc. are analyzed and examined.

Content analysis method
The documentary method is a qualitative method that the researcher tries to discover, extract, classify and evaluate materials related to his research by systematic and regular use of documentary data.
Document analysis is one of the most practical methods in the combined approach (qualitative and quantitative). Document analysis is one of the methods typically used in research with an explanatory or descriptive purposes.
There are several methods for content analysis, each of which follows specific processes. In this research, the complete content analysis process can be divided into three major stages: a-parsing and describing the text, b-interpreting the text, and c-re-integrating the text. While all these stages are accompanied by interpretation and analysis, but in each stage of analysis, a higher level of abstraction is achieved (Attride-Stirling, 2001).
In each government or organization, documents are approved as upstream documents that determine the policy of advancing other parts of the organization or government. In Iran, documents are also known as upstream documents in the science and technology. To understand the technology components mentioned in the upstream documents, we need content analysis tools. In reviewing upstream documents, it is necessary to consider the governing frameworks, including assumptions, measures, expectations, and orientations. Such a study can identify some of the high-level assumptions, views, and expectations of technology that are necessary and effective in designing an intelligent technology model. Content analysis is one of the techniques related to the documentary method in research.

Validation
The second part of the research involves the development of a model for identifying technology. Since this model has been developed based on the study of research background and extraction of technology components, it should be validated. One of the points that had to be evaluated in the validation was the division of the ranking stages into two stages and the use of a multi-stage refining method, which after discussion was approved by experts and focus groups. To validate this model, methods such as forming a focus group and interviewing experts have been used. We reviewed developed model in several meetings with the project manager of the Intelligent System of Science, Technology and Innovation at the Research Institute of Defense Technology and Passive Defense of the Supreme National Defense University. His views on the model were considered and the validity of the model was confirmed by him. Similar meetings were held with professors and researchers of the Supreme Council of the Cultural Revolution and their approval was received on the model. In the accreditation method by the focus group, the developed model was reviewed in the meetings held at the Research Institute of Defense Technology and Passive Defense of the Supreme National Defense University and the audience approved the validity of the developed model. Also, in specialized meetings with experts in compiling and writing strategic documents in the fields of technology such as nanotechnology, medicinal plants and biotechnology in the Supreme Council of the Cultural Revolution, all stages of the project were reviewed. Of course, it is necessary to mention that these experts were used as one of the main sources in identifying and analyzing upstream documents in this study.

Analysis of Findings
In this section, we present the findings and achievements of the research. The results will be presented in two sections: "Technology Identification Model" and "Content Analysis of Upstream Documents".

Technology Identification Model
This model consists of 3 main stages; The first stage is to identify the strategic context, the second stage determines the components of technology based on upstream documents, and the final stage is to rank the technologies based on the identified criteria. Each step consists of several sub-steps that will lead us to the final result step by step.
The main steps that make up the model are shown in the figure below. Step Strategic Context Identifing 2nd Step Identify the Components of Powerness 3rd Step

Technology Ranking and Identification
A summary of the sub-steps of the above model is described in the figure below. The first step, "Strategic Context Identification", is displayed in blue subroutines. After this step, which is an initial refinement, an initial list of technologies is identified and refined in this step. In the next step, first the components of powerness are determined based on the content analysis of upstream documents, then using a ranking model, the technologies are ranked to identify the desired technology based on the extracted components.

Identify Powerness Components and Evaluation Indicators
In this study, by examining the upstream documents based on the content analysis method, coding was done, then based on the coding, components of powerness were extracted. Based on the similarity of these components with each other, they were classified and presented in different dimensions. The same process was followed for the Supreme Leader's statements. Since the number of extracted components is high and there is a possibility of overlap between these components, so it should be based on a method to select the final components that do not overlap. At this stage, for each dimension, the list of components extracted from the upstream documents was provided to 5 experts in this field in the form of a survey, and they were asked to rate each component based on the Likert scale. The scores assigned to the components were summarized and finally the following list was selected for the components of powerness under the identified dimensions and their evaluation criteria. The table above shows the components of powerness and evaluation indicators from a political perspective. As can be seen, the denial of hegemony, the realization and preservation of national independence, the increase of national power and authority, and the impact of technology on science and technology diplomacy are among the main components in the political dimension. In the components extracted from the following political dimension, we can include indicators such as the possibility of technology localization, the amount of research and development budget required (compared to the total allocated budget), the impact of technology on improving the ranking of universities in international scientific systems and the ability to conclude international cooperation projects.  The table above shows the components of powerness and evaluation indicators from the defense-security dimension. Emphasis on the production of superior defense technology and the prohibition of foreign dependence on defense technology are among the main components in the security defense dimension. In the components extracted from the security defense dimension, we can mention indicators such as the possibility of patents or models in defense research centers and the possibility of localization of technology in these centers that focus on security defense field.

Indicator Component Dimension
 Number of registered knowledge-based companies  Number of science and technology parks in the country  Number of accelerators  Rial number of knowledge-based exports (possibility of exporting knowledge-based products due to technology)  Percentage of employment of graduates (ability to create jobs among graduates in this field)  Number of jobs created in science and technology parks (ability to create jobs in science and technology parks) 1-Realization of knowledge-based economy 2-Production and export of knowledge-based products 3-Wealth creation of science and technology 4-Realization of national employment 5-Upgrading the technology level of the country's industries 6-Development of technology to create job opportunities

Economic
The table above shows the components of powerness and evaluation indicators from the economic dimension.
Knowledge-based, job creation, focus on exporting technology products, wealth creation and the realization of national welfare and employment are among the main components in the economic dimension. In the components extracted from the economic dimension, we can mention indicators such as the possibility of work in knowledge-based companies, science and technology parks or accelerators, the possibility of exporting knowledge-based products due to technology and job creation. Of course, other economic components such as initial capital costs, operating costs, maintenance and upgrade costs, and personnel training costs are considered when deciding to acquire technology.

Indicator Component Dimension
 Number of articles published in prestigious journals (possibility of publishing articles in prestigious domestic and international journals)  Extent of joint international projects (possibility of defining collaborative international projects)  Number of projects carried out in universities (possibility of defining and carrying out projects in universities)  Rial amount of joint industry research projects with the university (possibility of generating income for universities by concluding a contract with the industry)  Number of students working in science and technology parks (possibility of creating employment for students active in the field)  Number of study opportunities for professors in industry (Ability to define study opportunities for professors in industry)  Gross domestic economy based on the knowledge-based economy (ability to increase GDP based on the knowledge-based economy)  Number of published books (ability to publish in book format) 1-Development of national and transnational communication network of academics and international science and technology centers 2-Development of technology and innovation networks 3-Establishment of science and technology parks and towns 4-Increasing the share of high-tech products and services 5-Increasing the share of production and technological services 6-Application of technology in various educational and industrial institutions 7-Improving the innovation index 8-Registered Patents and discoveries 9-Possibility of financing and supporting technology development 10-Technology localization 11-Utilization of advanced technologies in the education and research system of the country 12-Achieving advanced and strategic technologies

Science and Technology
The table above shows the components of powerness and evaluation indicators from the scientific and technological aspects. In the components extracted from the scientific-technological dimension, it is possible to include indicators such as the possibility of publishing articles in prestigious international journals, the possibility of defining joint international projects, the possibility of defining and carrying out projects in universities to generate income for them by concluding contracts with industry. In this area, the ability to define study opportunities for professors in industry, the ability to increase GDP based on a knowledge-based economy, patentability, the ability to publish in the form of books to disseminate acquired knowledge and the ability to improve the innovation index. The table above shows the components of power generation and the evaluation indicators from the environmental dimension. The issue of ecological harmony and benefits is one of the main components in the environmental dimension. In the components extracted from the following environmental dimension, we can point to indicators such as the possibility of use in research and dissertations in the field of environment and the amount of pollution caused using technology.  The table above shows the components of powerness and evaluation indicators from the cultural-discourse dimension. The following components of this dimension are more concerned with culture and discourse. In the components extracted from the cultural dimension of discourse, we can mention indicators such as attracting foreign students to study in Iran, the possibility of work in open-minded chairs or theorizing, and the possibility of work in employee-centered dissertations.

Introduction of component evaluation indicators
To evaluate technologies based on the extracted components, we need specific indicators for accurate and comprehensive evaluation. Based on the documents on which the components were extracted and reviewed during the interviews with experts, in this section we will introduce the specified indicators. Integrating the At this stage, according to the indicators that have been specified for the following components of each dimension, we can enter the third step, namely the final ranking. According to the proposed ranking method (AHP), we should weight the dimensions first, then evaluate the technologies based on the following components of these dimensions. Initial weighting can be more accurately identified by giving more weight based on the area of technology we are studying, and which dimension is more influential or more important. For example, if the technology under study has more security defense dimensions than the economic dimension, we consider it in weighting so that we do not need to consider the importance of each component separately. With this initial weighting, the expert decision-making ability in completing the component evaluation questionnaire increases.

Conclusion
Today, due to the speed of change and developments, especially in science and technology field, as well as the nature of distribution and its development, many countries and organizations are trying to be aware of the latest changes in science and technology in various ways. In the meantime, some technologies are so important that they may have security implications and sometimes threaten a country's national interests. Due to the nature of their activities, the defense sectors of countries are strongly dependent on the development of science and technology. This research is working in the field of identification. In this field, intelligent tools are needed to respond appropriately to weak and strong signals of new technologies and events at the same time.
This research is of applied type, including a content analysis of upstream documents and design of technology identification model based on experts' viewpoints. Influential institutions in the implementation of the model have also been developed along with the role of each. The technology identification model based on experts' opinions, which is described in detail in the fourth chapter of this research, consists of three main stages. The first step is to identify the strategic context, the second step is to identify the components of powerness from the upstream documents, and the final step is to rank and finalize the technology. Also, the components of powerness based on the basic definition extracted from upstream documents and with the same theoretical lens and content analysis method of upstream documents of the Islamic Republic of Iran, including strategic documents such as the second step statement of the Islamic Revolution, comprehensive scientific plan document as well as statements The Supreme Leader was extracted in the field of science and technology and used in the designed model as identification components. This model acts as a decision support system and helps final decision-makers to achieve appropriate and measured identification based on the opinions of experts and the aggregation of their opinions.

Recommendations
 According to the developed model and the components identified based on the upstream documents of the Islamic Republic of Iran, other researchers are recommended to implement this model for research and development in industries active in defense and security field under the General Staff of the Armed Forces.  Also, in other research, researchers can extract more detailed components of technology identification (or product development) based on upstream documentation of industries or industrial units. For industrial sectors, upstream documents can be a vision document and a mission statement. Depending on the type of industry, interviewing company executives or industry experts should probably be on the researcher's agenda to extract the components.